Saturday, December 28, 2019
Essay about The Death Penalty - 2308 Words
Today, many criminals are getting away with very little or no punishment for the crimes they are committing. One of these thugs could be walking down the street in your neighborhood hunting for their next victim. These criminals have no remorse concerning what they have done; they are just looking for an opportunity to strike again. However, if someone asked what your thought is on the death penalty, most would probably say that they are against it that is until a family member or someone you love is walking down the street and that man who was looking for their next victim found them. It was a family member and you will never see them again. Capital punishment has been a topic of debate for a very long time and it still hasâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Then a second penalty phase takes place and the prosecution will state the aggravating factors and the defense can show mitigating factors (Pros and cons of controversial issues, 2009). The jury must unanimously agree to the death penalty and if one objects then the death penalty cannot be given (Pros and cons of controversial issues, 2009). If the death penalty is handed down, then the defendant has an automatic right to appeal at both the State and Federal levels. This process can take up to 25 years to exhaust. There are pros and cons to consider in the debate on whether or not to abolish the death penalty: Death Penalty Fails to Re-establish: What does it really accomplish? The damage has been done; the victim is already dead and cannot be brought back. Do you feel that making them spend the rest of their life in prison in a small cement cell with little freedom, a poor quality of life, thinking on how they ended up there in the first place is a far better punishment than death row? The Financial Cost: The financial cost of keeping these criminals on death row is not free nor is it cheap; and we as taxpayers pay for it. The cost for a death row inmate one must consider all the additional cost it entails such as appeals, additional procedures. In March 6, 2005, the Los Angeles Times stated that California death penalty system cost taxpayers $114 million per year beyond the costs of keeping convicts locked up forShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words à |à 5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be usedRead MoreThe Death Penalty For Juveniles946 Words à |à 4 Pages The death penalty for minors differs greatly from the death penalty for adult. The law that minor could be put on death row was decided to rule against the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment prohibits the act of ââ¬Å"cruel and unusual punishmentâ⬠which putting minors on death row breaks. On March 4, 2005 the law that minors could not be put on death row for their actions was set into place. The new laws say, ââ¬Å"They cannot punish a minor by death penalty and they cannot punish someone for a crimeRead MorePro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words à |à 6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didnââ¬â¢t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Mandatory?925 Words à |à 4 Pagesopinions on the subject. When we were discussing the death penalty although my opinion didnââ¬â¢t change, after hearing what some of my classmates had to say about the subject during our lab I was able to respectfully see why they had those thoughts and feelings about the subject. I believe that we should have the death penalty, and that it helps prevents more crime from happening. However, during our lab students that thought we should ban the death penalty had some pretty interesting reasons behind theirRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words à |à 4 Pages In her article ââ¬Å"The Truth About The Death Penaltyâ⬠, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishmentRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Legal1805 Words à |à 8 Pagesthat we all know is the death penalty. This penalty has been going around for years. To many people it might be the best way of punishing a person. On the other hand there are people who think that if you kill a person you should be sentenced to die as well. For me I would say it might not be the best way and it not working as many would like it. When choosing if you are for the death penalty you have to okay with an insect person dyeing or even a family member being in death row. I know that is somethingRead MoreThe Death Penalty : An Effective Reliable Tool904 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe death penalty has been a frequent topic of discussion, as our recent technological advancements have evidently led individuals to consider the ââ¬Å"new foundâ⬠legitimacy of our court systems, as statistics display that our previous racial bias and the apparent morality of the practice itself have a miniscule impact on our conviction rate. Both the advancements and ethics that the death penalty provides become apparent through the utilization of anecdotes and statistics, as the death penalty has prevailedRead MoreThe Bible and Death Penalty Essay example812 Words à |à 4 Pagesa personââ¬â¢s view of the Bible influence what they think about the death penalty for murderers.â⬠I would like to see if a personââ¬â¢s view of the bible influence what they think of the death penalty. This is interesting to me because I am interested in the field of criminal justice and the death penalty is a huge topic to this day. There are many journals that talk about studies that were done on religion and views of the death penalty which have to do with my topic of interest. My hypothesis is thatRead More The Death Penalty Is Archaic and Immoral Essays559 Words à |à 3 Pages The death penalty is simply a modernized version of the Holy Bibleââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a footâ⬠. Some argue that death is a necessary retribution for murderous cases - but is it effective morally? Revenge only glorifies violence, which is most definitely not the message the world strives to display. The death penalty is a negative form of punishment and insinuates a harsh reflection of society economically, politically, and socially. Read MoreEssay on Death Penalty - Herrera vs Collins1337 Words à |à 6 PagesDeath Penalty - Herrera vs Collins The Supreme Court addressed the constitutionality of executing someone who claimed actual innocence in Herrera v. Collins (506 U.S. 390 (1993)). Although the Court left open the possibility that the Constitution bars the execution of someone who conclusively demonstrates that he or she is actually innocent, the Court noted that such cases would be very rare. The Court held that, in the absence of other constitutional violations, new evidence of innocence is no
Friday, December 20, 2019
Psychological Analysis Of King Kong - 1054 Words
King Kongï ¼Å'Mirrors of collective Anxieties Introduction In a black-and-white photograph, a group of eight or nine year old ragged kids holding a sign says, give my dad Job.. This is the portrayal of that age in the United State. In 1930s America had been suffering a traumatic effect of the Great Depression which causes widespread unemployment and poverty. During that time, there had been a variety of social issues, racial discrimination, prohibition and depression are intertwined ,which made the America devastated. In the presence of deep national despair, Democratic new president Franklin D. Roosevelt lunched the New Deal to save the people in desire. (history .com) Many, however, were opposed to the New Deal because they worried theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Jung Speaking, Page 128). Therefore, it comes no surprise that King Kong (1933) as a result of this temporary contact, which produces a profound symbolic representation of humankindââ¬â¢s spiritual predicament and an xieties. Also, different audience sensibilities can arouse the diversified views concerning the symbolic meanings of King Kong. Proof (Confirmatio) The movie starts off in a center of modern civilizationââ¬âNew York City. An expedition is formed to seek out something unusual on a far off island. Symbolically speaking, New York City not only represents the modern, or western intellect, but also the stock exchange, where the depression started. Denham and Annââ¬â¢s dangerous journey into the unexplored regions of the world reflects a popular fascination with wild and unknown realms that is related to the sort of ââ¬Å"socialismâ⬠, which New Deal brought. Traveling by ocean means that to get to this island one must be courageous and ready to face unpredictable risks. The big ship represents the United States swaying in the midst of a raging storm. Ann is the representative of the helpless American people Further, Denham, a white leader of the expedition, symbolizes FDR, le ading the American people at great risk to find a new world to save them. King Kong, a gigantic ape, symbolizes human psychological anxieties such as, race and Depression, which have grown into something immensely savage, and threatening people s lives. Kong is captured by shipShow MoreRelatedThe Success Factors of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon12264 Words à |à 50 PagesThe Success Factors of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon Presented to The Department of Business Administration 2011-12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This repost is studying the success factors of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. It will be collect the information and data from questionnaire survey and focus groups. Also, it will be through Value Important Performance Grid tool and SWOT analysis that more understand the performance and state of this marathon, then make some recommendationRead MoreRelationship Between Tourism and Cultural Heritage Management: Evidence from Hong Kong7693 Words à |à 31 Pages(2005) 539ââ¬â548 Relationship between tourism and cultural heritage management: evidence from Hong Kong$ Bob McKerchera,*, Pamela S. Y. Hoa, Hilary du Crosb b a School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong/School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Received 24 November 2003; accepted 4 February 2004 Abstract This paper examines the nature ofRead MoreCross-Cultural Management in China11008 Words à |à 45 Pagesconducted regarding cross-cultural issues in China; show the current practices on cross-cultural management in Chinese organizations; and then identify future research needs on cross-cultural management in China. Design/methodology/approach ââ¬â Meta-analysis was carried out to summarize research of crosscultural management in China. Findings ââ¬â Empirical studies on cross-cultural management in China have been conducted since the 1990s, and numerous empirical studies have been done in the past two decadesRead MoreThe Filipino Culture And Jeepney s History1845 Words à |à 8 Pages My culture in an object of choice is a Jeepney alias ââ¬Å"King of The Roadâ⬠, considered one of the most affordable and popular public transportation in the Philippines, it has become an ubiquitous symbol of the Filipino culture due to its essence and nature. Just like Paris ha ving the Eiffel Tower, New York having the Statue Of Liberty as monumental trademarks, Philippinesââ¬â¢ trademark is the Jeepney. Being from the Philippines myself, Jeepneys showcases the qualities Filipino people are known for: hospitalityRead MoreMalaysia Mc Donalds Business Objective3620 Words à |à 15 Pages5.0 Market Analysis 5.1 Market Trends Fast food culture has become a way of life or trend in the world. Malaysian adults eat at take-away restaurants around 98 percent. Philippine, Taiwan and Malaysia have the highest percentage of fast food restaurant consumers in the world compare to America which count 97 percent (ACNielsen, 2005). This is due to the busy life styles and ease of access of variety of fast food restaurant. Consumers have been spending less of their budgets on the grocery storeRead MoreA Descriptive Study of the Practice of Music Therapy in Hong Kong17388 Words à |à 70 PagesHONG KONG BAPTIST UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF THE PRACTICE OF MUSIC THERAPY IN HONG KONG By LAM HOI YAN April, 2007 04002865 ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to examine the development of music therapy in Hong Kong. Specifically, a number of related issues were studied including definition of music therapy, the origin of music therapy, the recent developments in music therapy in China, establishment of a music therapy session, and the setting ofRead MoreMcdonald Marketing of Service12670 Words à |à 51 PagesTable of Contents Acknowledgement 3 Executive Summary 4 1 Companyââ¬â¢s Corporate and Marketing Objectives 6 2 Situation Analysis 7 2.1 External Environment 7 2.1.1 PESTLE Analysis 7 2.1.2 Competitive Audit 10 2.2 Internal Environment 11 2.2.1 Internal Environment 11 2.3 Goods or Services Continuum 14 2.4 Services Characteristics 14 2.4.1 Intangibility 14 2.4.2 Heterogeneity 15 2.4.3 Perishability 15 2.4.4 Inseparability 15 2.5 Core and Peripheral ElementsRead MoreHow to Build a Smarter Procurement in the Construction Industry7999 Words à |à 32 Pages20 3.5.5. Uncertainty penalty 21 3.6.6 Benchmarking performance 21 4 What are the procurement issues identified in construction industry in Hong Kong?...........................................................................................................................................................22 4.2 Issues faced by the Hong Kong industry 23 4.2.1 Procurement rules and legislation 24 4.2.2 Transparency and Fairness 25 4.2.3 Selection of the procurement method 26 4.2.4 ConstructionRead MorePurpose of Evaluating Customer Service Policies26269 Words à |à 106 PagesHotel Tourism Management The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Dr Benny Chan Hong Kong Community College The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Consultant Mr Tony Tse School of Hotel Tourism Management The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Introduction to Hospitality Copyright à © The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region All rights reserved. The copyright of this manual belongs to the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. CommercialRead MorePurpose of Evaluating Customer Service Policies26276 Words à |à 106 PagesSchool of Hotel Tourism Management The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Dr Benny Chan Hong Kong Community College The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Consultant Mr Tony Tse School of Hotel Tourism Management The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Introduction to Hospitality Copyright à © The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region All rights reserved. The copyright of this manual belongs to the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Commercial use
Thursday, December 12, 2019
In Goyas Greatest Scenes We Seem to See free essay sample
In this paper I will be exploring the social criticism that is conveyed by Lawrence Ferlinghetti in his poem ââ¬Å"In Goyaââ¬â¢s Greatest Scenes We Seem to See. â⬠Ferlinghetti criticizes the industrial revolution in America; he compares its outcomes with war. Ferlinghetti alludes to various paintings by Goya that depict war, and links their interpretation to the industrialization in America. The poem contains various poetic elements such as alliteration, hyperbole and Ekpharsis all reinforce his rhetoric. Being a painter as well as a poet contributes to Ferlinghettiââ¬â¢s brilliant mixing of art and poetry, the poemââ¬â¢s appearance has a strong visual effect, one that transports the notion of war and chaos through its form. I will demonstrate Ferlinghettiââ¬â¢s use of alliteration, hyperbole and Ekpharsis, as a means to criticize the industrialization in America. The socio historical context of this poem is the economic growth that the American society has experienced during the 1950ââ¬â¢s, also known as ââ¬Å"the golden age of capitalism. Lawrence Ferlinghetti was a part of the ââ¬Å"Beat Generation,â⬠a group of poets that among other things were known for their criticism of capitalism and rejection of materialism. The poem was published in Ferlinghettiââ¬â¢s book titled ââ¬Å"A Coney Island of the Mindâ⬠in 1958. It is written in an open form and lacks clear rhymes and structure; it follows the rhythm of natural speech. I will refer to the poem by lines, and as having two sections: the first discusses art, and the second discusses American society and highways. The speaker addressee relation in the poem is from one scholar to another. Ferlinghettiââ¬â¢s language as well as his reference to art indicates that the poem targets educated people, possibly his fellow poets. In this poem Ferlinghetti fuses two periods, the peninsular war as it was depicted by Goya, and the industrialization in the 1950ââ¬â¢s. In the first section and lines, Ferlinghetti describes the pain and suffering that is inflicted on humanity using Ekpharsis, he refers to art and dramatically portrays its meaning, which later he links to industrialization. ââ¬Å"In Goyaââ¬â¢s greatest scenes we seem to see/ the people of the worldâ⬠(lines1-2) The alliteration in the first sentence draws attention specifically to Goyaââ¬â¢s paintings, combined with the plural ââ¬Ëwe,ââ¬â¢ can be seen as referring to fellow scholars, like him, they are able to interpret Goyaââ¬â¢s paintings. These lines contain a hyperbolic exaggeration; Ferlinghetti generalizes the people of the world, as all being portrayed in a particular painting. All the people in the world could never be depicted in a single painting. The use of hyperbole draws attention to Ferlinghettiââ¬â¢s interpretation of that particular moment, as if people from the 1950ââ¬â¢s are depicted in it. He continues to portray ââ¬Å"[the exact] moment when/ they first attained the title of /â⬠suffering humanityâ⬠(lines3-5). Ferlinghetti refers to a particular moment that depicts collective suffering; however the specific moment of reaching the title of ââ¬Å"suffering humanityâ⬠(line 5) cannot be determined. Ferlinghetti personifies the painted ââ¬Å"suffering humanityâ⬠(line 5) they ââ¬Å"writhe upon the page,â⬠(line 9) as if twisting in pain in the painting. All these instances of hyperbole portray horrors of war as if they become alive today, at the climax of the industrialization. Ferlinghetti uses hyperbolic descriptions to dramatize and attract attention to the circumstances in the paintings; he links the outcomes of past war, to the present-day industrialization. Ferlinghetti reference to particular paintings is in order to connect the depicted war to industrialization. It is evident through the ââ¬Å"suffering humanity,â⬠(line 5) and specific elements such as ââ¬Å"groaning with babies and bayonets/under cement skiesâ⬠. These images allude to a series of painting by Goya called ââ¬Å"The Disasters of war,â⬠that depict realistic images of war. These images represent Ferlinghettiââ¬â¢s perception of industrialization. Lines 10 and 11 that depict a scene of battle, also display a strong contrast between babies and bayonets. Babies symbolize birth, giving life and continuation, while bayonets stand for death, murder, and the taking of lives. The description of Goyaââ¬â¢s paintings provides a strong contrast between nature and industrialization. There are no natural elements in Goyaââ¬â¢s paintings, the skies appear to be cement like, trees are ââ¬Å"blasted,â⬠(line12) hit, stricken, not by a natural force but by war. The ââ¬Å"cement skiesâ⬠(line11) have a double meaning; besides suggesting an image of a dark war they provide a connection to the concept of industrialization. ââ¬Å"Bent statues bats wings and beaks/slippery gibbets/ cadavers and carnivorous cocksâ⬠(lines 13-15) these lines contain strong alliterations; the emphasis in their pronunciation creates drama that draws attention to the message ofà death that is conveyed in these lines. The ââ¬Å"abstract landscape of blasted trees,â⬠(line12) also alludes to industrialization; Ferlinghetti contrasts natural elements with men made material. The theoretical scene of bent trees evokes the sense of war between natural vs. unnatural elements, through the destruction of natural elements, outcomes of war are linked with industrialization. Ferlighettiââ¬â¢s description of images from Goyaââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Disasters of war,â⬠mediate between his knowledge of art and poetry, transforming powerful and vivid scenes of war, to those of industrialization. The particular images that Ferlinghetti describes are termed in a very particular and precise word choice. Ferlinghettiââ¬â¢s language in the poem has a strong political connotation. Being a part of the ââ¬Å"Beat Generation,â⬠has influenced his writing and word choice in this poem. The main agenda of the ââ¬Å"Beatâ⬠culture comprised of dismissing known conventions in writing, being modern and revolutionary, experimenting with drugs and sexuality, rejecting and criticizing materialism, and explicit depictions of human condition. Most of these elements are exhibited in the poem. Terms like ââ¬Å"blasted treesâ⬠(line 12) and ââ¬Å"bent statues,â⬠and ââ¬Å"beaks,â⬠(line 13) may be interpreted as drug related. In terms of slang being ââ¬Ëblastedââ¬â¢ means ââ¬Ëhigh,ââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëbentââ¬â¢ means intoxicated with drugs and ââ¬â¢beaksââ¬â¢ is a term for cocaine. Possibly, these terms were specifically selected, in order to keep up with the agenda of being modern, revolutionary, and explicit about the true condition of humanity. The form as well as the word choice are Ferlinghettiââ¬â¢s rebellion against the familiar conventions in poetry, the lack of symmetry and the double meanings in his phrases all live up to a reputation of a ââ¬Å"beatâ⬠poet. Ferlinghettiââ¬â¢s fusion of past wars through Goyaââ¬â¢s works, with present events as the industrialization, proves him to be unconventional, innovative, explicit and critical of current happenings, he successfully maintains his status as a ââ¬Å"beatâ⬠poet. Goyaââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"imagination of disasterâ⬠(line18) proves to be ââ¬Å"bloody real,â⬠(line19) as Ferlinghettiââ¬â¢s moves the reader to the present where it all ââ¬Å"still exist[s]â⬠(line20), and the threat of industrialization on the American society is the same as the threat of war, but with a different landscape. In the second part of the poem Ferlinghetti introduces a shift of periods; he focuses on events in the 1950ââ¬â¢s. According to Ferlinghetti, there was a change in the landscape that consisted of billboards that advertised and encouraged capitalism, construction of freeways, cars and engines, all of these resulted from industrialization. ââ¬Å"It is as if they really still existed/ and they do/Only the landscape is changed,â⬠(lines 20-22) the capitalization of ââ¬Ëonlyââ¬â¢ reinforces Ferlighettiââ¬â¢s claim that industrialization is war like. The most and only significant change is that of the background, the appearance of billboards and cars. ââ¬Å"They are still ranged along the roads/plagued by legionnaires/false windmills and demented roosters,â⬠(lines 23-25) Ferlinghettiââ¬â¢s word choice is original; he continues to fuse the concept of war with industry in the line ââ¬Å"plagued by legionnairesâ⬠(line 24). legionnaires alludes to a legion in the army and thus to war, taking us back to the notion of destruction, on the other hand the use of the term to describe a disease is powerful. Legionnaireââ¬â¢s disease is known to be transferred by bacteria that thrive in pipes, water tanks and air conditioning systems, which have all been created with the help of industrialization. By using this term which associates two different meanings, Ferlinghetti skillfully inserts the idea that humanityââ¬â¢s largest enemy is the plague of industrialization. Ferlinghetti insists on portraying the change in the landscape as a disease, as a war in which humanity already lost. Ferlinghetti continues to fight against ââ¬Å"bland billboardsâ⬠(line 30) that are ââ¬Å"ranged along the roads,â⬠(line 23) and destroy the natural landscape. The landscape is plagued by ââ¬Å"false windmills and demented roostersâ⬠(line 25) which represent capitalism at its best. Ferlinghettiââ¬â¢ choice of word is political, the windmills allude to ââ¬ËDon Quixoteââ¬â¢ and the false giants he fights, and similarly Ferlinghetti fights the giant billboards, the giant corporations which stand behind them. The ââ¬Å"demented roostersâ⬠(line 25) that plague Ferlinghettiââ¬â¢s landscapes are those who benefit the most of industrialized society, he alludes to the giants, businesses and corporations which subsidize industrialization. Ferlinghetti mocks their arrogance and claims them to be unreasonable, manic; they symbolize the destruction on anything that is normal and natural. Ferlinghetti sees humanity as ââ¬Å"the same people,â⬠(line 26) but nowadays they are distant from nature, they are ââ¬Å"further from homeâ⬠(line 27). Ferlinghetti inserts another hyperbole, he portrays all of humanity as grown apart from nature, they are on ââ¬Å"freeways fifty lanes wide/on a concrete continentâ⬠(line 28-29). The exaggeration of a highway with fifty lanesà alongside with America as all made of concrete, reinforce his concept of a destroyed landscape. Concrete America is ââ¬Å"spaced with bland billboards/ illustrating imbecile illusions of happiness,â⬠(line 30-31) it is false and pointless, it became a place of untruthful imitations of pleasure. Another interpretation to these lines is available, the term ââ¬Å"spacedâ⬠(line 30) may allude to American society as being ââ¬Ëhighââ¬â¢ on innovation, as consuming it like addicts, experiencing drug induced euphoria. The new concrete ââ¬Å"scene,â⬠(line 32) that once was Ferlinghettiââ¬â¢s natural landscape, reveals that there are less ââ¬Å"tumbrils,â⬠old fashioned cars, and ââ¬Å"more strung out citizens,â⬠(line33) addicts, who consume America. Ferlighettiââ¬â¢s political agenda is evident in these lines, the words to protest capitalism and industrialized America are cleverly chosen. The final hyperbole of ââ¬Å"â⬠¦engines/that devour Americaâ⬠(line36-37) displays Ferlinghettiââ¬â¢s perception of industrialization as equal to war, capitalism has won the battle, it took over the landscape and all of humanity. They are now captives of progress, America is threaded with highways, addicted to innovation that brings spiritual desolation and only illusions of pleasure. The poem approves Ferlighettiââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"beatâ⬠character, it dismisses known conventions, experiments with language, explicitly depicting human condition and criticizes industrialization. Ferlinghetti fuses two periods and two forms of art, painting and poetry in order to connect the notion of destruction to industrialization, making the issues in the poem more than relevant even today. The reference to art, the alliteration and hyperbole all transport Ferlighettiââ¬â¢s personal pain and suffering of the loss of natural landscape to false portrayals of happiness that will bring about Americaââ¬â¢s destruction. Ferlinghetti as well as Goya illustrated chaos and destruction, the appearance of the poem seems to be structured, like a landscape that lost any natural traits and all that is left is the chaos after the war. Ferlighettiââ¬â¢s acquaintance with art and his insertion of particular images to the language in this poem is no less than brilliant, his message is as vivid, emotional and strong as a painting created by Goya.
Wednesday, December 4, 2019
Process Control and Data Acquisition in Pharmaceuticals Plant
Question: Discuss about theProcess Control and Data Acquisition in Pharmaceuticals Plant. Answer: Introduction Pharmaceutical industries are among the largest and fastest growing sectors in the world today. Some of the clear characters of this area are competition, strict regulation due to critical products they produce as well as low durability of their products. Some of the key factors given keen attention here include quality, safety, flexibility and efficiency. Use of process control systems such as ControlNet and Safety NET p networks can help achieve this. ControlNet It supports controller to controller interlocking and real-time control of I/O, devices, and valves as well as control networking for process applications. ControlNet offered by some companies such as Allen-Bradley have built-in control interface or have the ability to connect through optimal communication interface module which improves real-time and throughput application support (ODVA, 2016). When designing network ControlNet media and connection devices offer flexibility. ControlNet coax cable, a low-loss is an RG-6 quad shield that immunity to electromagnetic interference to allow installations in hazardous locations. Allen-Bradley provides a variety of network media such as taps, connectors, terminators, repeaters and coax tools as well as fiber systems. The types of the network media chosen will depend on the process application type and the environment(Ba?ak, 2015). Operation Control NET is an example token passing control designed to offer reliable, high-speed transport monitoring and input, output (I/O) data. It also provides non-time critical messaging data. I/O data is assigned the highest priority such that other data such as parameter upload and downloads do not interfere with the control and I/O data transport. ControlNet is classified as a deterministic network since it uses token rotation time to characterize maximum waiting time needed to send a message frame. The token bus networks nodes are logically arranged to form a ring such that each node knows its previous and next node. This way it is possible to offer liner, multi-drop, tree-shaped or segmented topology (Lian, 2011). The network node in possession of the token is allowed to transmit data frames till its allocated token time expires, or it runs of data packets. Then the token regenerated and sent to the next logical node in the network (ring). If the node that receives the token has nothing to send then it just passes the token to the next neighbor in the logical ring. Data frames do not collide since its only one node that is allowed to transmit data frames. This node is the one that is in possession of the token, others nodes need to wait for the token. Token ring protocol offers assurances of maximum time between node network access and protocol with the capacity to regenerate the token if the node in possession of the token stops transmitting the data frames and does not release the token to the next neighbor in the ring. Nodes are added dynamically to the ring and can also be removed from the ring on request. Advantages of Using ControlNet As we have discussed above that token bus protocol is deterministic that guarantee throughput and high efficiency when there are high network loads. Nodes can be added dynamically during network operation and also remove the nodes that have failed in the ring or those which are no longer needed. Removing failed nodes is a major score over token ring protocols where nodes are statically added or removed (Healy, 2015). Control net uses the implicit token passing mechanism which allocates mac id to every node in the ring to prevent data frames collision. Only the nodes with the token are allowed to send data frames. Every node sets the implicit token register to mac id +1. When the mac id of the node is equal to the implicit token register, it now transmits the frames. To prevent collisions, all nodes have similar value in implicit token registers. ControlNet support time critical through the provision of scheduled segments as well as and non-time critical messages through unscheduled segments in every NUT (Network update time) cycle. The NUT is divided into scheduled, unscheduled and guard band sections. Scheduled section of NUT allows scheduled data transmission while un-scheduled section allows each node to transmit noon time critical data using round robin protocol. During guard band time all nodes stop transmission thus allowing the moderator node (node with lowest mac id) to transmit maintenance message. This message synchronizes timers and publishes critical link parameters like node time, S, U, NUT and many more others. Disadvantages of Using ControlNet Token bus protocol is only efficient at high network loads but at low channels traffics its performance is poor compared to contention protocols. Token bus protocol uses a huge percentage of network time to pass the token between the nodes when the data traffic is light since there are many nodes in a single local ring (Zhang, 2012). Safety NET p According to IEC series standards, safety NET p is defined as Type 22 and CP 18. It is a standard for Ethernet-based field bus communication in automated technology. Operation Safety NET p communication model describes communication system, application layer, and transport layer. Application layer represents the communication systems interface. The functions of the device safety NET p are accessed through the interface; thus it is the interaction medium between the user and the system. It uses two transport mechanism namely: RTFL and RTFN. It automates data and safety-related data simultaneous transmission with vertical and horizontal integration. To design a network topology, safety NET p offers a range of infrastructure components such as switches, cables, and connectors. Safety NET p implements the network infrastructure. Network topologies such as star and tree which adapt to pharmaceutical plant support which can significantly increase performance. To do these switches such as PSS net can be used to adjust the topology flexibility to pharmaceutical plant layout. It can support star, tree and ring topologies. PSS net switch has fiber optics media which allow expansion of the network without limitations. Other installation media used include safety p connectors and cables for fast and straightforward installation. These materials are available at some companies such as Safety Network International (Sankaran, 2016). Advantages of using Safety NET p Networks Safety NET p offer effective detection and management of the network structure which supports the connection of service devices whenever required as well as mobile apps support. Its communication structure uses a distributed PLC which facilitates peer to peer data transmission that results in distributed data-processing. Pharmaceutical plants have a flexible and modular structure that describe their dimensions, plan, and commissioning. Safety NET p has proxies that offer communication platform for existing field bus installation to communicate with other plant sections. It also can access data from various field buses thus optimizing the plant protection (Safety-network.org, 2016). Safety NET p has a real-time capability to support safety functions as well as real-time functions that enable flexible and cheap procedure by use of generic Ethernet interface or RTFL and protocol chip of safety NET p. These support a real time scan of about 62.5 seconds. Standard Ethernet, on which safety NET p network depends on, has been tried and tested for several years in office communication. On top of that is meets the stringent specifications of the pharmaceutical application as it can support the transfer of data from conventional control process, transfer of safety-related data and offer real-time communication in a high dynamic form as well as synchronized applications thus allowing one network connection for all control data and machinery (Synchronics.co.in, 2016). Safety NET p also can offer new horizons for pharmaceutical plant control technology. It maintains an interior view to monitor intelligence while at the same time providing decentralized control information to field level. The plant is logically divided into functional machine modules. To fast sensor actuator loops it is important to connect manufacturing cells in the motion control areas. When safety NET p is used, it offers an extremely high real-time capability. The safety signals encountered in the factory automation are transmitted using the same medium. The cells are interconnected through RTFN (Efficient Real-Time Industrial Ethernet Links, 2016). Conclusions It is true that open, safe and deterministic real-time Ethernet that meets all user requirements. The real-time performance is approximately 20 times faster (scan times 62.5 s) than most of the industrial networks. Safety NET p is excellent for transport medium when the when secure communication is integrated from the start. Any Ethernet traffic such as data traffic from other industrial Ethernet versions, laptop or video is supported. Its flexibility allows the plant to have a linear, tree and star structure. It also has unrivaled capacity to charge structures and subscribers during operation Control net is a state of the art Network which is a high-speed deterministic network suitable for time-critical application data. Most of the pharmaceutical plant have time critical data as they deal with products that are very critical and perishable. Data transmission here is paramount for healthy products manufacturing. It also offers real-time control and messaging services to p2p communication network while providing a combination of controller and I/O device capabilities using its high-speed link. Control net offers deterministic real-time interlocking, peer to peer programming and messaging as well I/O bandwidth within the same link. Control net is a state of the art Network which is a high-speed deterministic network suitable for time-critical application data. Most of the pharmaceutical plant have time critical data as they deal with products that are very critical and perishable. Data transmission here is paramount for healthy products manufacturing. It also offers real-time control and messaging services to p2p communication network while providing a combination of controller and I/O device capabilities using its high-speed link. Control net offers deterministic real-time interlocking, peer to peer programming and messaging as well I/O bandwidth within the same link. References Anon, (2016).ControlNet Control System Network Design and Optimization. [Online] Available at: https://www.safety-network.org/en/ [Accessed 27 Oct. 2016]. Ba?ak, ., 2015. Petri net based decision system modeling in real-time scheduling and control of flexible automotive manufacturing systems. Computers Industrial Engineering, Volume 86, pp. 116-126. Efficient Real-Time Industrial Ethernet Links. (2016).IJSR, 5(3), pp.1106-1109. Ethercat.org. (2016).Ether CAT Technology Group | Safety. [Online] Available at: https://www.ethercat.org/en/safety.html [Accessed 27 Oct. 2016]. Healy, J., 2015. What Role do Safety Net Wage Adjustments Play in Alleviating Household Need?. Journal of Industrial Relations, 53(2), pp. 169-192. Lian, F.-L., 2011. Performance Evaluation of control networks: ethernet, controlnet and devicenet , Michigan: University of Michigan. ODVA. (2016).Control NET. [Online] Available at: https://www.odva.org/ [Accessed 27 Oct. 2016]. Pilz.com. (2016).System components Safety NET p - Pilz INT. [online] Available at:https://www.pilz.com/en-INT/eshop/00103002137081/SafetyNET-p-systemComponents [Accessed 27 Oct. 2016]. Safety-network.org. (2016).Safety Network International e.V. - User organization. [Online] Available at: https://www.safety-network.org/en/ [Accessed 27 Oct. 2016]. Synchronics.co.in. (2016).Repair Safety Net P Instruments, Repairing of Safety Net PInstruments, Industrial Electronic Repair, Safety Net P rush repair, Refurbished Safety Net P Products, Authorized Safety Net P Service Center, Authorized Safety Net P Service Center in Vadodara,Authorized Safety Net P Service Center in Gujarat, Authorized Safety Net P Service Center inIndia | Synchronics ElectronicsPvt. Ltd. [online] Available at: https://www.synchronics.co.in/manufacturers/safety Net-p.aspx [Accessed 27 Oct. 2016]. Sankaran, S., 2016. SafetyNET p Protocol, New York: s.n. Zhang, J. Q., 2012. ControlNet Control System Network Design and Optimization. AMR, Volume 586.
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