Essay about The Death Penalty - 2308 Words

Today, many criminals are getting away with very little or no punishment for the crimes they are committing. One of these thugs could be walking down the street in your neighborhood hunting for their next victim. These criminals have no remorse concerning what they have done; they are just looking for an opportunity to strike again. However, if someone asked what your thought is on the death penalty, most would probably say that they are against it that is until a family member or someone you love is walking down the street and that man who was looking for their next victim found them. It was a family member and you will never see them again. Capital punishment has been a topic of debate for a very long time and it still has†¦show more content†¦Then a second penalty phase takes place and the prosecution will state the aggravating factors and the defense can show mitigating factors (Pros and cons of controversial issues, 2009). The jury must unanimously agree to the death penalty and if one objects then the death penalty cannot be given (Pros and cons of controversial issues, 2009). If the death penalty is handed down, then the defendant has an automatic right to appeal at both the State and Federal levels. This process can take up to 25 years to exhaust. There are pros and cons to consider in the debate on whether or not to abolish the death penalty: Death Penalty Fails to Re-establish: What does it really accomplish? The damage has been done; the victim is already dead and cannot be brought back. Do you feel that making them spend the rest of their life in prison in a small cement cell with little freedom, a poor quality of life, thinking on how they ended up there in the first place is a far better punishment than death row? The Financial Cost: The financial cost of keeping these criminals on death row is not free nor is it cheap; and we as taxpayers pay for it. The cost for a death row inmate one must consider all the additional cost it entails such as appeals, additional procedures. In March 6, 2005, the Los Angeles Times stated that California death penalty system cost taxpayers $114 million per year beyond the costs of keeping convicts locked up forShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words   |  5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be usedRead MoreThe Death Penalty For Juveniles946 Words   |  4 Pages The death penalty for minors differs greatly from the death penalty for adult. The law that minor could be put on death row was decided to rule against the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment prohibits the act of â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment† which putting minors on death row breaks. On March 4, 2005 the law that minors could not be put on death row for their actions was set into place. The new laws say, â€Å"They cannot punish a minor by death penalty and they cannot punish someone for a crimeRead MorePro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didn’t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Mandatory?925 Words   |  4 Pagesopinions on the subject. When we were discussing the death penalty although my opinion didn’t change, after hearing what some of my classmates had to say about the subject during our lab I was able to respectfully see why they had those thoughts and feelings about the subject. I believe that we should have the death penalty, and that it helps prevents more crime from happening. However, during our lab students that thought we should ban the death penalty had some pretty interesting reasons behind theirRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 Pages In her article â€Å"The Truth About The Death Penalty†, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishmentRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Legal1805 Words   |  8 Pagesthat we all know is the death penalty. This penalty has been going around for years. To many people it might be the best way of punishing a person. On the other hand there are people who think that if you kill a person you should be sentenced to die as well. For me I would say it might not be the best way and it not working as many would like it. When choosing if you are for the death penalty you have to okay with an insect person dyeing or even a family member being in death row. I know that is somethingRead MoreThe Death Penalty : An Effective Reliable Tool904 Words   |  4 Pagesthe death penalty has been a frequent topic of discussion, as our recent technological advancements have evidently led individuals to consider the â€Å"new found† legitimacy of our court systems, as statistics display that our previous racial bias and the apparent morality of the practice itself have a miniscule impact on our conviction rate. Both the advancements and ethics that the death penalty provides become apparent through the utilization of anecdotes and statistics, as the death penalty has prevailedRead MoreThe Bible and Death Penalty Essay example812 Words   |  4 Pagesa person’s view of the Bible influence what they think about the death penalty for murderers.† I would like to see if a person’s view of the bible influence what they think of the death penalty. This is interesting to me because I am interested in the field of criminal justice and the death penalty is a huge topic to this day. There are many journals that talk about studies that were done on religion and views of the death penalty which have to do with my topic of interest. My hypothesis is thatRead More The Death Penalty Is Archaic and Immoral Essays559 Words   |  3 Pages The death penalty is simply a modernized version of the Holy Bible’s â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a foot†. Some argue that death is a necessary retribution for murderous cases - but is it effective morally? Revenge only glorifies violence, which is most definitely not the message the world strives to display. The death penalty is a negative form of punishment and insinuates a harsh reflection of society economically, politically, and socially. Read MoreEssay on Death Penalty - Herrera vs Collins1337 Words   |  6 PagesDeath Penalty - Herrera vs Collins The Supreme Court addressed the constitutionality of executing someone who claimed actual innocence in Herrera v. Collins (506 U.S. 390 (1993)). Although the Court left open the possibility that the Constitution bars the execution of someone who conclusively demonstrates that he or she is actually innocent, the Court noted that such cases would be very rare. The Court held that, in the absence of other constitutional violations, new evidence of innocence is no

Psychological Analysis Of King Kong - 1054 Words

King Kongï ¼Å'Mirrors of collective Anxieties Introduction In a black-and-white photograph, a group of eight or nine year old ragged kids holding a sign says, give my dad Job.. This is the portrayal of that age in the United State. In 1930s America had been suffering a traumatic effect of the Great Depression which causes widespread unemployment and poverty. During that time, there had been a variety of social issues, racial discrimination, prohibition and depression are intertwined ,which made the America devastated. In the presence of deep national despair, Democratic new president Franklin D. Roosevelt lunched the New Deal to save the people in desire. (history .com) Many, however, were opposed to the New Deal because they worried the†¦show more content†¦Jung Speaking, Page 128). Therefore, it comes no surprise that King Kong (1933) as a result of this temporary contact, which produces a profound symbolic representation of humankind’s spiritual predicament and an xieties. Also, different audience sensibilities can arouse the diversified views concerning the symbolic meanings of King Kong. Proof (Confirmatio) The movie starts off in a center of modern civilization—New York City. An expedition is formed to seek out something unusual on a far off island. Symbolically speaking, New York City not only represents the modern, or western intellect, but also the stock exchange, where the depression started. Denham and Ann’s dangerous journey into the unexplored regions of the world reflects a popular fascination with wild and unknown realms that is related to the sort of â€Å"socialism†, which New Deal brought. Traveling by ocean means that to get to this island one must be courageous and ready to face unpredictable risks. The big ship represents the United States swaying in the midst of a raging storm. Ann is the representative of the helpless American people Further, Denham, a white leader of the expedition, symbolizes FDR, le ading the American people at great risk to find a new world to save them. King Kong, a gigantic ape, symbolizes human psychological anxieties such as, race and Depression, which have grown into something immensely savage, and threatening people s lives. Kong is captured by shipShow MoreRelatedThe Success Factors of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon12264 Words   |  50 PagesThe Success Factors of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon Presented to The Department of Business Administration 2011-12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This repost is studying the success factors of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon. It will be collect the information and data from questionnaire survey and focus groups. 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In Goyas Greatest Scenes We Seem to See free essay sample

In this paper I will be exploring the social criticism that is conveyed by Lawrence Ferlinghetti in his poem â€Å"In Goya’s Greatest Scenes We Seem to See. † Ferlinghetti criticizes the industrial revolution in America; he compares its outcomes with war. Ferlinghetti alludes to various paintings by Goya that depict war, and links their interpretation to the industrialization in America. The poem contains various poetic elements such as alliteration, hyperbole and Ekpharsis all reinforce his rhetoric. Being a painter as well as a poet contributes to Ferlinghetti’s brilliant mixing of art and poetry, the poem’s appearance has a strong visual effect, one that transports the notion of war and chaos through its form. I will demonstrate Ferlinghetti’s use of alliteration, hyperbole and Ekpharsis, as a means to criticize the industrialization in America. The socio historical context of this poem is the economic growth that the American society has experienced during the 1950’s, also known as â€Å"the golden age of capitalism. Lawrence Ferlinghetti was a part of the â€Å"Beat Generation,† a group of poets that among other things were known for their criticism of capitalism and rejection of materialism. The poem was published in Ferlinghetti’s book titled â€Å"A Coney Island of the Mind† in 1958. It is written in an open form and lacks clear rhymes and structure; it follows the rhythm of natural speech. I will refer to the poem by lines, and as having two sections: the first discusses art, and the second discusses American society and highways. The speaker addressee relation in the poem is from one scholar to another. Ferlinghetti’s language as well as his reference to art indicates that the poem targets educated people, possibly his fellow poets. In this poem Ferlinghetti fuses two periods, the peninsular war as it was depicted by Goya, and the industrialization in the 1950’s. In the first section and lines, Ferlinghetti describes the pain and suffering that is inflicted on humanity using Ekpharsis, he refers to art and dramatically portrays its meaning, which later he links to industrialization. â€Å"In Goya’s greatest scenes we seem to see/ the people of the world† (lines1-2) The alliteration in the first sentence draws attention specifically to Goya’s paintings, combined with the plural ‘we,’ can be seen as referring to fellow scholars, like him, they are able to interpret Goya’s paintings. These lines contain a hyperbolic exaggeration; Ferlinghetti generalizes the people of the world, as all being portrayed in a particular painting. All the people in the world could never be depicted in a single painting. The use of hyperbole draws attention to Ferlinghetti’s interpretation of that particular moment, as if people from the 1950’s are depicted in it. He continues to portray â€Å"[the exact] moment when/ they first attained the title of /†suffering humanity† (lines3-5). Ferlinghetti refers to a particular moment that depicts collective suffering; however the specific moment of reaching the title of â€Å"suffering humanity† (line 5) cannot be determined. Ferlinghetti personifies the painted â€Å"suffering humanity† (line 5) they â€Å"writhe upon the page,† (line 9) as if twisting in pain in the painting. All these instances of hyperbole portray horrors of war as if they become alive today, at the climax of the industrialization. Ferlinghetti uses hyperbolic descriptions to dramatize and attract attention to the circumstances in the paintings; he links the outcomes of past war, to the present-day industrialization. Ferlinghetti reference to particular paintings is in order to connect the depicted war to industrialization. It is evident through the â€Å"suffering humanity,† (line 5) and specific elements such as â€Å"groaning with babies and bayonets/under cement skies†. These images allude to a series of painting by Goya called â€Å"The Disasters of war,† that depict realistic images of war. These images represent Ferlinghetti’s perception of industrialization. Lines 10 and 11 that depict a scene of battle, also display a strong contrast between babies and bayonets. Babies symbolize birth, giving life and continuation, while bayonets stand for death, murder, and the taking of lives. The description of Goya’s paintings provides a strong contrast between nature and industrialization. There are no natural elements in Goya’s paintings, the skies appear to be cement like, trees are â€Å"blasted,† (line12) hit, stricken, not by a natural force but by war. The â€Å"cement skies† (line11) have a double meaning; besides suggesting an image of a dark war they provide a connection to the concept of industrialization. â€Å"Bent statues bats wings and beaks/slippery gibbets/ cadavers and carnivorous cocks† (lines 13-15) these lines contain strong alliterations; the emphasis in their pronunciation creates drama that draws attention to the message of  death that is conveyed in these lines. The â€Å"abstract landscape of blasted trees,† (line12) also alludes to industrialization; Ferlinghetti contrasts natural elements with men made material. The theoretical scene of bent trees evokes the sense of war between natural vs. unnatural elements, through the destruction of natural elements, outcomes of war are linked with industrialization. Ferlighetti’s description of images from Goya’s â€Å"The Disasters of war,† mediate between his knowledge of art and poetry, transforming powerful and vivid scenes of war, to those of industrialization. The particular images that Ferlinghetti describes are termed in a very particular and precise word choice. Ferlinghetti’s language in the poem has a strong political connotation. Being a part of the â€Å"Beat Generation,† has influenced his writing and word choice in this poem. The main agenda of the â€Å"Beat† culture comprised of dismissing known conventions in writing, being modern and revolutionary, experimenting with drugs and sexuality, rejecting and criticizing materialism, and explicit depictions of human condition. Most of these elements are exhibited in the poem. Terms like â€Å"blasted trees† (line 12) and â€Å"bent statues,† and â€Å"beaks,† (line 13) may be interpreted as drug related. In terms of slang being ‘blasted’ means ‘high,’ ‘bent’ means intoxicated with drugs and ’beaks’ is a term for cocaine. Possibly, these terms were specifically selected, in order to keep up with the agenda of being modern, revolutionary, and explicit about the true condition of humanity. The form as well as the word choice are Ferlinghetti’s rebellion against the familiar conventions in poetry, the lack of symmetry and the double meanings in his phrases all live up to a reputation of a â€Å"beat† poet. Ferlinghetti’s fusion of past wars through Goya’s works, with present events as the industrialization, proves him to be unconventional, innovative, explicit and critical of current happenings, he successfully maintains his status as a â€Å"beat† poet. Goya’s â€Å"imagination of disaster† (line18) proves to be â€Å"bloody real,† (line19) as Ferlinghetti’s moves the reader to the present where it all â€Å"still exist[s]† (line20), and the threat of industrialization on the American society is the same as the threat of war, but with a different landscape. In the second part of the poem Ferlinghetti introduces a shift of periods; he focuses on events in the 1950’s. According to Ferlinghetti, there was a change in the landscape that consisted of billboards that advertised and encouraged capitalism, construction of freeways, cars and engines, all of these resulted from industrialization. â€Å"It is as if they really still existed/ and they do/Only the landscape is changed,† (lines 20-22) the capitalization of ‘only’ reinforces Ferlighetti’s claim that industrialization is war like. The most and only significant change is that of the background, the appearance of billboards and cars. â€Å"They are still ranged along the roads/plagued by legionnaires/false windmills and demented roosters,† (lines 23-25) Ferlinghetti’s word choice is original; he continues to fuse the concept of war with industry in the line â€Å"plagued by legionnaires† (line 24). legionnaires alludes to a legion in the army and thus to war, taking us back to the notion of destruction, on the other hand the use of the term to describe a disease is powerful. Legionnaire’s disease is known to be transferred by bacteria that thrive in pipes, water tanks and air conditioning systems, which have all been created with the help of industrialization. By using this term which associates two different meanings, Ferlinghetti skillfully inserts the idea that humanity’s largest enemy is the plague of industrialization. Ferlinghetti insists on portraying the change in the landscape as a disease, as a war in which humanity already lost. Ferlinghetti continues to fight against â€Å"bland billboards† (line 30) that are â€Å"ranged along the roads,† (line 23) and destroy the natural landscape. The landscape is plagued by â€Å"false windmills and demented roosters† (line 25) which represent capitalism at its best. Ferlinghetti’ choice of word is political, the windmills allude to ‘Don Quixote’ and the false giants he fights, and similarly Ferlinghetti fights the giant billboards, the giant corporations which stand behind them. The â€Å"demented roosters† (line 25) that plague Ferlinghetti’s landscapes are those who benefit the most of industrialized society, he alludes to the giants, businesses and corporations which subsidize industrialization. Ferlinghetti mocks their arrogance and claims them to be unreasonable, manic; they symbolize the destruction on anything that is normal and natural. Ferlinghetti sees humanity as â€Å"the same people,† (line 26) but nowadays they are distant from nature, they are â€Å"further from home† (line 27). Ferlinghetti inserts another hyperbole, he portrays all of humanity as grown apart from nature, they are on â€Å"freeways fifty lanes wide/on a concrete continent† (line 28-29). The exaggeration of a highway with fifty lanes  alongside with America as all made of concrete, reinforce his concept of a destroyed landscape. Concrete America is â€Å"spaced with bland billboards/ illustrating imbecile illusions of happiness,† (line 30-31) it is false and pointless, it became a place of untruthful imitations of pleasure. Another interpretation to these lines is available, the term â€Å"spaced† (line 30) may allude to American society as being ‘high’ on innovation, as consuming it like addicts, experiencing drug induced euphoria. The new concrete â€Å"scene,† (line 32) that once was Ferlinghetti’s natural landscape, reveals that there are less â€Å"tumbrils,† old fashioned cars, and â€Å"more strung out citizens,† (line33) addicts, who consume America. Ferlighetti’s political agenda is evident in these lines, the words to protest capitalism and industrialized America are cleverly chosen. The final hyperbole of â€Å"†¦engines/that devour America† (line36-37) displays Ferlinghetti’s perception of industrialization as equal to war, capitalism has won the battle, it took over the landscape and all of humanity. They are now captives of progress, America is threaded with highways, addicted to innovation that brings spiritual desolation and only illusions of pleasure. The poem approves Ferlighetti’s â€Å"beat† character, it dismisses known conventions, experiments with language, explicitly depicting human condition and criticizes industrialization. Ferlinghetti fuses two periods and two forms of art, painting and poetry in order to connect the notion of destruction to industrialization, making the issues in the poem more than relevant even today. The reference to art, the alliteration and hyperbole all transport Ferlighetti’s personal pain and suffering of the loss of natural landscape to false portrayals of happiness that will bring about America’s destruction. Ferlinghetti as well as Goya illustrated chaos and destruction, the appearance of the poem seems to be structured, like a landscape that lost any natural traits and all that is left is the chaos after the war. Ferlighetti’s acquaintance with art and his insertion of particular images to the language in this poem is no less than brilliant, his message is as vivid, emotional and strong as a painting created by Goya.

Process Control and Data Acquisition in Pharmaceuticals Plant

Question: Discuss about theProcess Control and Data Acquisition in Pharmaceuticals Plant. Answer: Introduction Pharmaceutical industries are among the largest and fastest growing sectors in the world today. Some of the clear characters of this area are competition, strict regulation due to critical products they produce as well as low durability of their products. Some of the key factors given keen attention here include quality, safety, flexibility and efficiency. Use of process control systems such as ControlNet and Safety NET p networks can help achieve this. ControlNet It supports controller to controller interlocking and real-time control of I/O, devices, and valves as well as control networking for process applications. ControlNet offered by some companies such as Allen-Bradley have built-in control interface or have the ability to connect through optimal communication interface module which improves real-time and throughput application support (ODVA, 2016). When designing network ControlNet media and connection devices offer flexibility. ControlNet coax cable, a low-loss is an RG-6 quad shield that immunity to electromagnetic interference to allow installations in hazardous locations. Allen-Bradley provides a variety of network media such as taps, connectors, terminators, repeaters and coax tools as well as fiber systems. The types of the network media chosen will depend on the process application type and the environment(Ba?ak, 2015). Operation Control NET is an example token passing control designed to offer reliable, high-speed transport monitoring and input, output (I/O) data. It also provides non-time critical messaging data. I/O data is assigned the highest priority such that other data such as parameter upload and downloads do not interfere with the control and I/O data transport. ControlNet is classified as a deterministic network since it uses token rotation time to characterize maximum waiting time needed to send a message frame. The token bus networks nodes are logically arranged to form a ring such that each node knows its previous and next node. This way it is possible to offer liner, multi-drop, tree-shaped or segmented topology (Lian, 2011). The network node in possession of the token is allowed to transmit data frames till its allocated token time expires, or it runs of data packets. Then the token regenerated and sent to the next logical node in the network (ring). If the node that receives the token has nothing to send then it just passes the token to the next neighbor in the logical ring. Data frames do not collide since its only one node that is allowed to transmit data frames. This node is the one that is in possession of the token, others nodes need to wait for the token. Token ring protocol offers assurances of maximum time between node network access and protocol with the capacity to regenerate the token if the node in possession of the token stops transmitting the data frames and does not release the token to the next neighbor in the ring. Nodes are added dynamically to the ring and can also be removed from the ring on request. Advantages of Using ControlNet As we have discussed above that token bus protocol is deterministic that guarantee throughput and high efficiency when there are high network loads. Nodes can be added dynamically during network operation and also remove the nodes that have failed in the ring or those which are no longer needed. Removing failed nodes is a major score over token ring protocols where nodes are statically added or removed (Healy, 2015). Control net uses the implicit token passing mechanism which allocates mac id to every node in the ring to prevent data frames collision. Only the nodes with the token are allowed to send data frames. Every node sets the implicit token register to mac id +1. When the mac id of the node is equal to the implicit token register, it now transmits the frames. To prevent collisions, all nodes have similar value in implicit token registers. ControlNet support time critical through the provision of scheduled segments as well as and non-time critical messages through unscheduled segments in every NUT (Network update time) cycle. The NUT is divided into scheduled, unscheduled and guard band sections. Scheduled section of NUT allows scheduled data transmission while un-scheduled section allows each node to transmit noon time critical data using round robin protocol. During guard band time all nodes stop transmission thus allowing the moderator node (node with lowest mac id) to transmit maintenance message. This message synchronizes timers and publishes critical link parameters like node time, S, U, NUT and many more others. Disadvantages of Using ControlNet Token bus protocol is only efficient at high network loads but at low channels traffics its performance is poor compared to contention protocols. Token bus protocol uses a huge percentage of network time to pass the token between the nodes when the data traffic is light since there are many nodes in a single local ring (Zhang, 2012). Safety NET p According to IEC series standards, safety NET p is defined as Type 22 and CP 18. It is a standard for Ethernet-based field bus communication in automated technology. Operation Safety NET p communication model describes communication system, application layer, and transport layer. Application layer represents the communication systems interface. The functions of the device safety NET p are accessed through the interface; thus it is the interaction medium between the user and the system. It uses two transport mechanism namely: RTFL and RTFN. It automates data and safety-related data simultaneous transmission with vertical and horizontal integration. To design a network topology, safety NET p offers a range of infrastructure components such as switches, cables, and connectors. Safety NET p implements the network infrastructure. Network topologies such as star and tree which adapt to pharmaceutical plant support which can significantly increase performance. To do these switches such as PSS net can be used to adjust the topology flexibility to pharmaceutical plant layout. It can support star, tree and ring topologies. PSS net switch has fiber optics media which allow expansion of the network without limitations. Other installation media used include safety p connectors and cables for fast and straightforward installation. These materials are available at some companies such as Safety Network International (Sankaran, 2016). Advantages of using Safety NET p Networks Safety NET p offer effective detection and management of the network structure which supports the connection of service devices whenever required as well as mobile apps support. Its communication structure uses a distributed PLC which facilitates peer to peer data transmission that results in distributed data-processing. Pharmaceutical plants have a flexible and modular structure that describe their dimensions, plan, and commissioning. Safety NET p has proxies that offer communication platform for existing field bus installation to communicate with other plant sections. It also can access data from various field buses thus optimizing the plant protection (Safety-network.org, 2016). Safety NET p has a real-time capability to support safety functions as well as real-time functions that enable flexible and cheap procedure by use of generic Ethernet interface or RTFL and protocol chip of safety NET p. These support a real time scan of about 62.5 seconds. Standard Ethernet, on which safety NET p network depends on, has been tried and tested for several years in office communication. On top of that is meets the stringent specifications of the pharmaceutical application as it can support the transfer of data from conventional control process, transfer of safety-related data and offer real-time communication in a high dynamic form as well as synchronized applications thus allowing one network connection for all control data and machinery (Synchronics.co.in, 2016). Safety NET p also can offer new horizons for pharmaceutical plant control technology. It maintains an interior view to monitor intelligence while at the same time providing decentralized control information to field level. The plant is logically divided into functional machine modules. To fast sensor actuator loops it is important to connect manufacturing cells in the motion control areas. When safety NET p is used, it offers an extremely high real-time capability. The safety signals encountered in the factory automation are transmitted using the same medium. The cells are interconnected through RTFN (Efficient Real-Time Industrial Ethernet Links, 2016). Conclusions It is true that open, safe and deterministic real-time Ethernet that meets all user requirements. The real-time performance is approximately 20 times faster (scan times 62.5 s) than most of the industrial networks. Safety NET p is excellent for transport medium when the when secure communication is integrated from the start. Any Ethernet traffic such as data traffic from other industrial Ethernet versions, laptop or video is supported. Its flexibility allows the plant to have a linear, tree and star structure. It also has unrivaled capacity to charge structures and subscribers during operation Control net is a state of the art Network which is a high-speed deterministic network suitable for time-critical application data. Most of the pharmaceutical plant have time critical data as they deal with products that are very critical and perishable. Data transmission here is paramount for healthy products manufacturing. It also offers real-time control and messaging services to p2p communication network while providing a combination of controller and I/O device capabilities using its high-speed link. Control net offers deterministic real-time interlocking, peer to peer programming and messaging as well I/O bandwidth within the same link. Control net is a state of the art Network which is a high-speed deterministic network suitable for time-critical application data. Most of the pharmaceutical plant have time critical data as they deal with products that are very critical and perishable. Data transmission here is paramount for healthy products manufacturing. It also offers real-time control and messaging services to p2p communication network while providing a combination of controller and I/O device capabilities using its high-speed link. Control net offers deterministic real-time interlocking, peer to peer programming and messaging as well I/O bandwidth within the same link. References Anon, (2016).ControlNet Control System Network Design and Optimization. [Online] Available at: https://www.safety-network.org/en/ [Accessed 27 Oct. 2016]. Ba?ak, ., 2015. Petri net based decision system modeling in real-time scheduling and control of flexible automotive manufacturing systems. Computers Industrial Engineering, Volume 86, pp. 116-126. Efficient Real-Time Industrial Ethernet Links. (2016).IJSR, 5(3), pp.1106-1109. Ethercat.org. (2016).Ether CAT Technology Group | Safety. [Online] Available at: https://www.ethercat.org/en/safety.html [Accessed 27 Oct. 2016]. Healy, J., 2015. What Role do Safety Net Wage Adjustments Play in Alleviating Household Need?. Journal of Industrial Relations, 53(2), pp. 169-192. Lian, F.-L., 2011. Performance Evaluation of control networks: ethernet, controlnet and devicenet , Michigan: University of Michigan. ODVA. (2016).Control NET. [Online] Available at: https://www.odva.org/ [Accessed 27 Oct. 2016]. Pilz.com. (2016).System components Safety NET p - Pilz INT. [online] Available at:https://www.pilz.com/en-INT/eshop/00103002137081/SafetyNET-p-systemComponents [Accessed 27 Oct. 2016]. Safety-network.org. (2016).Safety Network International e.V. - User organization. [Online] Available at: https://www.safety-network.org/en/ [Accessed 27 Oct. 2016]. Synchronics.co.in. (2016).Repair Safety Net P Instruments, Repairing of Safety Net PInstruments, Industrial Electronic Repair, Safety Net P rush repair, Refurbished Safety Net P Products, Authorized Safety Net P Service Center, Authorized Safety Net P Service Center in Vadodara,Authorized Safety Net P Service Center in Gujarat, Authorized Safety Net P Service Center inIndia | Synchronics ElectronicsPvt. Ltd. [online] Available at: https://www.synchronics.co.in/manufacturers/safety Net-p.aspx [Accessed 27 Oct. 2016]. Sankaran, S., 2016. SafetyNET p Protocol, New York: s.n. Zhang, J. Q., 2012. ControlNet Control System Network Design and Optimization. AMR, Volume 586.

Placebos Essays (1376 words) - Clinical Research, Medical Ethics

Placebos Why we need placebos English/ History By Jj wallis A placebo is defined as an inactive substance resembling a medication, given for psychological effect or as a control in evaluating a medicine believed to be active. However the placebo only fits this description under the restraints it has been given by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which refers to the placebo as an investigational new drug. In actuality, up until the present much of medicine was built on placebos. Not very long ago, the rituals and symbols of healing constituted the bulk of the physicians armamentarium. In the early decades of the 20th century, most of the medication that doctors carried in their little black bags and kept in their office cabinets had little or no pharmacological value against the maladies for which they were prescribed. Nevertheless, their use in the appropriate clinical context was no doubt frequently beneficial.(Brown, 6) Even though placebos have been proven effective medicine time and time again the FDA remains reluctant to approve them for anything more than clinical research. The FDA stands on their disapproval of placebos as medicine on the basis that patients are to be given the best treatment available. Who is to say that a placebo is not as, if not more effective than the accepted remedy? There are an endless variety of cases that have proven placebos inconclusively effective. Among the most famous of these cases is the story of Mr. Wright, who was found to have cancer and in 1957 was given only days to live. Hospitalized in Long Beach, California, with tumors the size of oranges, he heard that scientists had discovered a horse serum, Krebiozen, that appeared to be effective against cancer. After Wright begged to receive the serum, his physician, Dr. Philip West, finally agreed and gave wright the injection on a Friday afternoon, not telling Wright that injection consisted only of water. The following Monday the doctor was astonished to find that the patient's tumors were gone. Dr. West later wrote the tumors, had melted like snowballs on a hot stove. At Tulane University, Dr. Eileen Palace has been using a placebo to restore sexual arousal in women who say they are nonorgasmic. The women are hooked up to a biofeedback machine that they are told measures their vaginal blood flow, an index of arousal. Then they are shown sexual stimuli that would arouse most women. The experiment then tricks the women by sending a false feedback signal, within 30 seconds, that their vaginal blood flow has increased. Almost immediately after they become genuinely aroused. In another case a study was carried out in Japan on 13 people that were extremely allergic to poison ivy. Each individual was rubbed on one arm with a harmless leaf and told that it was poison ivy and then rubbed on the opposite arm with poison ivy and told that it was harmless. All thirteen broke out in a rash where the harmless leaf had contacted their arm. Only two reacted to the poison ivy leaves. (Blakeslee, 2) In yet another example, patients with angina pectoris, chest pain, associated with heart disease, have been shown to improve substantially following an operation that involved nothing more than a simple skin incision. Angina also improved following a type of artery surgery once thought to be effective but later found to be ineffective. (Turner, 1) These are just a few of a great number of cases that prove the effectiveness of placebos. How do placebos work? There are many theories on how placebos work but really no definite answers. Many believe that the response to placebos is one of conditioning. That is that the site of a doctor, his white coat, the sterile smell, and a prescribed medication is equated with being cured, and because we think that we will get better we do. Some think that a placebo might reduce stress, allowing the body to regain some natural optimum level of health. Others believe that special molecules in the brain help carry out the placebo effect. A recent study found that stressed animals could produce a valium like substance in their brain if they have some control over the source of the stress. People must certainly share

HUNT Surname Meaning and Origin

HUNT Surname Meaning and Origin As it sounds, the Hunt surname is generally considered to be an occupational name for a hunter, from the Old English hunta, meaning to hunt. Its also possible that the Hunt surname is an mis-translation of the Irish surname Ó Fiaich (due to confusion with fiach, the modern spelling of fiadhach, meaning to hunt), or an Anglicized spelling of the German surname Hundt. Surname Origin:  English Alternate Surname Spellings:  HUNTER, HUNTAR, HUNTE, HUNTA, HUNTT, HUNDT Where in the World is the HUNT Surname Found? According to  Forebears, the Hunt surname is most prevalent in the United States, where over 172,000 people bear the name. It is more common based on rank in the nation, however, in New Zealand (ranked 78th), Wales (84th) and  England (89th). Historical data from the 1881 census in England shows the surname Hunt was most common in Wiltshire (11th most common surname), Dorset (12th), Berkshire (17th), Somerset and Oxfordshire (23rd), Hampshire (24th) and Leicestershire (25th). WorldNames PublicProfiler  identifies the Hunt surname as being especially common in the United Kingdom, followed by Australia and New Zealand. Within the UK it is most common in southern England, especially the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire, Oxfordshire, Warwickshire, Monmouthshire and Derbyshire. Famous People with the Last Name HUNT Linda Hunt - American actress, born  Lydia Susanna HunterHelen Hunt - American actressJames Hunt - British race car driver famous in the 1970sE. Howard Hunt - former CIA agent, famous for helping to organize the Watergate breakinAlfred Hunt - American steel magnateHenry Hunt - British radical speaker and politicianBonnie Hunt - American actressLeigh Hunt - English author and criticWilliam Morris Hunt - American painter Genealogy Resources for the Surname HUNT How to Research English AncestorsTrace your British roots back to England and beyond with the steps outlined in this English genealogy guide. Learn how to locate your ancestors county and/or parish in England, plus how to access vital records, census records and parish records. The HUNT DNA WebsiteOver 180 individuals with the Hunt surname and variants such as Hunte, Hunta, Huntt, Hundt, etc. have tested their Y-DNA and joined this project to help identify various Hunt families. Hunt Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Hunt family crest or coat of arms for the Hunt surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. FamilySearch - HUNT GenealogyExplore over 4 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Hunt surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. HUNT Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts a free mailing lists for researchers of the Hunt surname. DistantCousin.com - HUNT Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Hunt. The Hunt Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the popular last name Hunt from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.    Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Employment tribunal & employment appeal tribunal Case Study

Employment tribunal & employment appeal tribunal - Case Study Example However, if shares of a business is transferred or either machineries or assets are being transferred to a buyer, then, TUBE regulation will not be applicable. There is a category of employees’ namely self-employed worker who is also known as an independent contractor. These independent contractor offer services for a business through a contract for services. This category of contractor is not an employee of a company as they are offering the business with high-skilled or specialised skills. These self-employed persons can offer their services for a business through an umbrella company or as a sole trader or through a limited company or through a partnership. It is to be noted that an employee works for a business through a contract of service whereas an independent contractor works for a client’s business through a contract for service. To determine whether a person is an employee or an independent contractor, HRMC offers an employment Status Indicator (ESI) kit that e mployees or contractors can use to decide whether they are self-employed or employee of that business (Contractorcalculator.co.uk 2010). A self-employed contractor is an individual who is really carrying on a business for themselves if he or she assumes accountability for the failure or success of the business and is either a staff or an employee of the business. Thus, a self-employed contractor is somebody who is a sole trader and not employed through a service company or through their own limited company.

Training Session Reflective Write-up Coursework

Training Session Reflective Write-up - Coursework Example upportive and positive attitude during the entire training session successfully attained high level of satisfaction; whereas the one with negative attitude during this whole training session did not gain sufficient effective knowledge. Many of the managers present in the training session were also able to successfully develop a personal connection with the me, and were also seen effectively communicating few times with me and as a result they are not only received guidance from me but they also received praise rather than criticism and in this brief session end up developing a trustful relationship between me and the audience that was the result of developing positive learning environment. The objective of the training session was to be able to differentiate between listening and hearing and to implement it in the professional as well as personal life. The objective also included gaining knowledge about different listening techniques. For example it was important to make the participants understand that when they are multitasking during a lecture, they may not be able to gain enough knowledge from it as their attention may not be fully devoted towards the speaker. The aim of this training session is to understand the importance of listening. The aim of this training session for me as a trainer also included the development of effective communication and interaction with the audience to achieves the goal of the session i.e. helping the manger to learn and develop effective listening technique, learn about difference between listening and hearing, etc. (Cavanaugh, 2001). The chosen training method for the session was lecture, it is considered to be a transmittal training technique is a method that is widely being used all around the world for teaching adults. An effective lecture should be based on a 10-15 minute information session followed by a learning activity for energizing the participants. It is an effective tool for summarizing information collected

A critical analysis of article-3 of the European Convention on Human Dissertation

A critical analysis of article-3 of the European Convention on Human Rights - Dissertation Example Every human being needs the fundamental rights as a primary requirement in their life,which feciliates them with security to live their life in present day world.The basis of this right is the respect to the human values by securing the human rights. The basis of this right is the respect to the human values by securing the human rights. On the contrary, ECHR is all set to work for the protection of human rights in th european countries. However, some of its policies regarding certain humain rights are still not worth effective. As, Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights, prohibits torture â€Å"inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment†. In other words we can say any intentional act by which severe pain or suffering is caused physically or mentally to a person. The definition has tried to cover a huge objective scope, rather than becoming subjective and more definite. Resultantly, due to its infinite nature, the Article 3 has been a critical issue. There is a lack of exact definition and clear meaning of torture mentioned in the article. Nevertheless, torture has a wide range, from normal torture to severe punishment and that may vary in different age group. But, Article 3 does not seem to cover all the aspects of human rights. Initially the UK Court had restrictive view on what consisted of torture, preferring to find that states had inflicted inhuman and degrading treatment. Though ECHR is fighting for the rights of children and protect the children from violations but the criteria it has designed is not able to act effectively. Thus the court held that practices such as sleep deprivation, subjecting individual to intense noise and requiring them to stand against a wall with their limbs outstretched for extended periods of time, did not constitute torture1. On the contrary, there is a necessity of giving more emphasis on the rights of the children, because they are the usual victim of torture and prohibitions, which deprive them of th e human rights in their normal day to day life. That may lead to troublesome life of the children. In such case, the convention’s Article 3 seems to be insufficient to provide protection to the children in an authentic way. Keeping in view, the importance of child’s right The United Nations Convention on the Human Rights of the Child defines a child as a human being below the age of 18 years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier, 2 agreed by 192 of 194 member countries. Biologically, a child is anyone between birth and puberty or in the developmental stage of childhood, between infancy and adulthood. Children generally have fewer rights than adults and are classed as not able to make serious decisions, and legally must always be under the care of a responsible adult.3 The positive side of European Convention on Human Rights is their step towards the reforms in human rights and possibly, there are chances of more amendments and impro vement in the capacity of the policies; enabling them to protect the children from any kind of abuses. Due to the lack of contents in the Article 3 of European Convention, The UK Court has emphasized the fundamental nature of Article 3 in holding that the prohibition is made in absolute terms, irrespective of a victim's conduct. The Court has also held that states cannot deport or extradite individuals who might be subjected to torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, in the recipient state.4 If we look at the history of torture, it was first used in the ancient Greeks and Romans for interrogations. Torture was used only on slaves until the 2nd century. But, gradually that started spreading to all the sections in lower class people. Statement of a slave was valid, only if it has come out through torture.5 But at the present scenario when we talk about child torture and their right it would be important to find the definition of torture and its relevance with child†™s right. Torture, according to the United Nations

Introduction Of Cultural Diversity Cultural Studies Essay

Introduction Of Cultural Diversity Cultural Studies Essay How important is it for managers today to have a good understanding of cultural diversity in the workplace? Introduction of Cultural Diversity Cultural diversity is the joint of human societies or cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole. (The term is also sometimes used to refer to multiculturalism within an organization. There is a general agreement among normal anthropologists that humans first emerged in Africa about two million years ago. (Smithsonian, 2008) Since then they have spread throughout the world, successfully adapting to widely differing conditions and to periodic tragic changes in local and global climate. The many separate societies that emerged around the globe differed clearly from each other, and many of these differences carry on to this day. As well as the more obvious cultural differences that exist between people, such as language, dress and traditions, there are also significant variations in the way societies organize themselves, in their shared idea of morality, and in the ways they interact with their environment. (David Crystal, 2008) Cultural Uniformity Cultural diversity is presented as the contrast of cultural uniformity. Some (including UNESCO) fear this hypothesis of a trend towards cultural uniformity. To support this argument they emphasize different aspects: The disappearance of many languages and dialects, regarding for example the languages of France, without legal status or protection (Basque, Breton, Corsican, Occitan, Catalan, Alsatian, Flemish, Poitou, Saintonge, etc.). Nervousness of people on the preservation of their traditions as in New Zealand, coastal regions in Australia, North America, Central America; Increasing cultural superiority of the United States through the distribution of its products in film, television, music, clothing and nutritional products promoted in audio-visual media, consumer products almost standardized on the planet (pizza, restaurants, fast food, etc.). (UNESCO, 2001) There are several international organizations that work towards protecting helpless societies and cultures, including Survival International and UNESCO. The UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, adopted by 185 Member States in 2001, represents the first international standard-setting instrument aimed at preserving and promoting cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue. (UNESCO, 2001) The European Commission-funded Network of Excellence on Sustainable Development in a Diverse World (known as SUS.DIV) builds upon the UNESCO Declaration to investigate the relationship between cultural variety and sustainable development. (SusDiv, December 2005) Cultural Diversity at workplace When our world is shrunk to the size of a village, its easy to appreciate how diverse our fellow coworkers, friends, and neighbors are. And indeed, the world is getting smaller. New technologies are bringing faraway lands straight to our desktop, companies are importing and exporting to foreign countries, and employers more than ever are hiring international staff to better serve the diverse population. Because of it is so important to understand how to interact appropriately with internationally diverse groups no matter the situation. (Kathryn, 28 May 2009) For several months, Tracy Smith from the human services division of the City of Bloomington has trained hundreds of city employees, including many engineers and transportation experts, on how to work with customers who come from different backgrounds. Besides translating important phrases like Please stay off the hot asphalt in Spanish, Russian, Somali, and Hmong, Smith also helps educate city professionals on culturally specific practices such as exacting body language cues, familial roles, and religious differences. It is about having awareness that people in different cultures do things differently, she explained. Smith also coordinates local speaking series featuring Bloomington citizens who have unique cultural experiences, such as former refugees, to share their thoughts about moving to and living in Minnesota. Obviously, its impossible to clutch complex cultural nuances in just one sitting, but to help you interact with people from other cultures; Minnesota LTAP has compiled t he following short list of helpful tips. (Kathryn, 28 May 2009) Stereotyping Its important to remember when interacting with people from different cultures not to stereotype them based on your previous experiences with their culture. People develop different sets of values, preferences, and styles of communication based on a various number of factors in their lives. Just because one person was raised in the same country as another doesnt mean theyll hold the same values. (Kathryn, 28 May 2009) Language Language and communication differences are undoubtedly the most difficult obstacles to overcome. To easiness communication strains with non- English speakers, try to avoid jargony words, speak slowly, and be patient. Remember, the English language is infamous for its grammatical and pronunciation complexities, and even native English speakers sometimes slip over correct spelling and word context. (Kathryn, 28 May 2009) Time Difference Most Americans judge their daily schedule on the hands of a clock, understanding productivity through the maximization of time. But other countries, especially Latin American and African nations, often see time as plentiful rather than passing. The concept of strict deadlines, therefore, can be confusing to non-Westerners. (Kathryn, 28 May 2009) Individual versus collective One of the most significant differences to consider when working with people from different cultures is the individual against collective mindset. For example, many Americans operate as individuals, gauging their successes or failures on their independent contributions to their company; this is often valued as a characteristic of independence and self-made success. Socialist cultures, on the other hand, value employees who work well in groups and have loyalty toward other employees as well as their company. This can sometimes change workplace dynamics and make it more difficult to measure accomplishment based on Western standards. Cultural diversity doesnt just require differences in dress and language. It also encompasses different ways of thinking, managing, and communicating. Diversity is a concept that counters discrimination and embraces the inclusion of people with various experiences and backgrounds such education, parental status, geographic location, language, and culture. Diversity is about learning from others, providing support and respect to those with similar and different experiences, and creating an encouraging workplace that welcomes new opinions. Whether theyre your coworkers, friends, or customers, its always important to be polite, respectful, and inviting to others. And if you find yourself hesitant around unfamiliar cultural behavior, remember Smiths number one rule. Just ask the person. (Kathryn, 28 May 2009) Importance of cultural Diversity at workplace A more reasonable and suitable ideal is one of multi-culturalism (cultural diversity). Multi-culturalism is based on the idea that cultural identities should not be discarded or ignored, but instead, should be maintained and valued. The importance of cultural diversity in the workplace has been, for the most part, accepted in American business. This is illustrated by the increased presence of women and minorities in the business world. Diversity has gone from being a moral and /or legal issue into a business necessity. As we move further along in the 21st century, it will be necessary for business owners to struggle in a more global ground. A study by the Hudson Institute for the U.S. Department of Labor found that 85% of the new entrants into the workforce in the next decade will be women, minorities, and immigrants. If you want your business to be successful and competitive in the future, you will have to utilize these human resources and participate in these diversity trends. (Dwa yne Lynch, 2009) A more realistic and suitable ideal is one of multi-culturalism (cultural diversity). Multi-culturalism is based on the idea that cultural identities should not be discarded or ignored, but instead, should be maintained and valued. The importance of cultural diversity in the workplace has been, for the most part, accepted in American business. This is illustrated by the increased presence of women and minorities in the business world. Diversity has gone from being a moral and /or legal issue into a business requirement. As we move further along in the 21st century, it will be necessary for business owners to compete in a more global arena. A study by the Hudson Institute for the U.S. Department of Labor found that 85% of the new entrants into the workforce in the next decade will be women, minorities, and immigrants. If you want your business to be successful and aggressive in the future, you will have to utilize these human resources and participate in these diversity trends. Dwayne Lynch (2009) Cultural Diversity matters to every single one of us, both professionally and personally. When a group or segment of our population is excluded or exploited, all of us are denied. For our businesses and communities to not only survive, but to thrive, each of us needs to be aware and sensitive to ALL the members of the community. Our communities are rich with human resources. When all segments are respected and utilized, it benefits everyone involved. A great many of us live on the margins of society. In this nation, our popular culture, or ideal for business success, is white, young, heterosexual, Christian, and male. In regards to cultural diversity in the workplace, you are on the margins if you are:Â   a woman have ANY ethnic background that is non-white are not a heterosexual are not a Christian are not between the ages of 21-50 If you can answer yes to any one of these criteria, you live in the margins. This means that there are obstacles, prejudices, and stereotypes about YOU as an individual. You can not automatically assume that societys view of you is clear or based only on your individual character, qualifications, or accomplishments. Unfortunately, you may be put in the situation to second guess or question ones motives in their interactions and responses to you. (Dwayne Lynch, 2009) Another fact this criteria illustrates is that more of us live IN the margins than do not. More of us DO NOT fit the societal prescription of what is normal and acceptable. While this all may be true, we all must do our best to function as productive, happy individuals. So what are we to do? We can all struggle for change. We can all be proactive in our decisions and lifestyles rather than reactive to ignorance and intolerance. When a white woman snubs an ethnic woman, for instance, she is harming herself as well. The white woman lives in the same margin as the ethnic woman, and she is only perpetuating and cementing her place there. (Dwayne Lynch, 2009) America is the most diverse nation in the world. Cultural diversity in the workplace is becoming more and more desired. Our ethnicity, religion, life experience, etc., makes each of us unique. Ideas our nation once embraced about assimilation are now inappropriate and outdated. For someone who lives on the margins to assimilate into a single idea of acceptance to fit into society is a gross violation of their individual identity and rights. This means that we all need to learn to accept what is different from us and respect it. (Dwayne Lynch, 2009) Managing Cultural Diversity at workplace The management of cultural diversity in the workplace can be considered a response to the need to recognize, respect and capitalize on the different backgrounds in our society in terms of race, ethnicity, and gender. Different cultural groups have different values, styles, and personalities, each of which may have a important effect on the way they do business. Rather than punishing or roasting these different management styles because they do not conform to the traditional white (male) management methods, employers should recognize these differences as benefits. Not only can diverse management styles achieve the same results as traditional methods, but cultural diversity in the workplace can also help improve the companys competitive position in the marketplace. Diversity, or sensitivity, training is now common place in the corporate world. However, small businesses need to be aware of these issues as well. As a small business owner, your awareness and respect of cultural diversity in the workplace truly matters to your employees and your client base. You must create a balance of respect and understanding in the workplace to have happy and optimally productive workers. In addition, it is important that you AND your employees are aware of the importance of respecting diversity when dealing with your clients, when you work effectively with your community, both you and the community benefit. (David Crystal, 2008) Conclusion Cultural diversity is very important at workplace these days. As a manger, you have to understand the cultural diversity in every phase within organization. You have to monitor and control the diversity for the company because everyone has equal rights to work at workplace. So being a good manager, understand and manager the cultural diversity at workplace.

The Differences Between Men and Women Essay -- essays research papers

For countless generations it has been a mystery, almost creditable for extensive research and investigation, why men and women are viewed as complete opposites. Men and women have never and will never be the same. From the beginning, men have been trained and conditioned to be the dominant hunters in society, where as women were generally the less aggressive individuals in any given population. But after all, they were born to be different, excluding anatomical distinctions. In spite of medical enhancements, women live four to five years longer than men. They both have various reactions to certain prescription and over-the-counter drugs. Women are more susceptible to certain diseases like lung cancer and some HIV, although more men tend to carry the A.I.D.S. virus. But what makes them special in today’s social order? There are hundreds of variables to be considered to answer this question. However, with constant deliberation, the differences seem quite comprehensible as to why Men are from Mars and Women are from Venus, as the title of a recent book states. Family upbringing and society as a whole play an important role in the reason for men and women’s planetary diversity. First of all, whoever said men and women are equal had to have been naà ¯ve. Not only in the United States, but also in all countries of the world, women have always come in second to men. It begins in the hospital, boys get blue blankets whereas girls get pink. Then it is established in the household, the daughter does the dishes and helps mom with laundry, where as the son takes out the trash and lends a hand to his father building a doghouse. According to Student One, â€Å"throughout history, women were always the stay at home type who always cooked and cleaned ... ...and brag. Thus, it is not that â€Å"women are viewed as ‘scardy cats’, as Student Twenty-one stated, when their fears are brought out in the open. Family upbringing, and values, as well as society, as a whole, have surprisingly survived this inequality for many years, as a result it most likely will never change. â€Å"Only in a perfect society could woman†¦be as [free] as the average man† (Student Eight). It is possible, if given time, for such a utopia to exist. Women would be, called upon to open pickle jars, â€Å"let off easy† for harming their two-timing husbands and/or boyfriends, and will feel safe walking alone at night. Just as Student Six wroteâ€Å"[If] men can do it, why not women?† But for now, this obvious and sometimes overlooked inequality is needed because through cooperation, the lopsidedness of the relationship between men and women become one and the same.

Colonization and its Impacts

In addition to this the first wave was caused by the lust for gold, glory, and mercantilism. The second wave had the desire to secure sources of raw materials and to educate and save the native people. The colonization of Africa happened between the 1 ass's and 1 ass's. African societies put up forms of resistance to fight against the attempt to colonize their countries. In despite of the fight, most of Africa had been colonized by European powers. When the European imperialist pushed into Africa it was titivated by three main factors which were social, political, and economic.Africans were used by the Europeans as a source of salves, raw materials, and riches. The imposition of colonialism on Africa would alter its history forever. There modes of thought, and ways of life were impacted by the change. Prior to the â€Å"scramble for Africa,† their economies were advancing in every area, mostly in the area of trade. The colonizing of Africa was to exploit the physical, human, a nd economic resources of an area that would benefit the longing nation. Before the colonization, Africa was not economically isolated from the rest of the world.The African states engaged in international trade and the West Africa had specifically developed extensive trading systems. After Livingston opened African the Western missionaries moved in by the thousands. Benefits of the missionaries being involved were hospitals, colleges, schools, development projects, abolition of slavery, and improved agricultural methods. With all these benefits you would think it was he best thing that has ever happened, but with all these benefits it came with a cost.European colonialism brought many things to Africa to include rails and roads but it also cut brought conflicts in the societies today. When the rails and roads were put up, it cut the African continent up into several administrative units. In doing this it created a drag on its development but with everything going on in Africa the ma in conflicts cannot be blamed on colonialism. The African leaders and their greed to satisfy their riches, their ironies and their families is what puts an impact and conflicts in the world today.

Address the Problem of Global Warming

Address the Problem of Global Warming Free Online Research Papers The numbers are striking. No region of the world will be unaffected if Global Warming continues to increasingly grow. Yet day after day people take actions that can change the earth and its climate in significant ways. Many people just stand motionless as the wave of climate change becomes more apparent. The IPCC predicts that during the next century, the average rate of warming will be greater than anything seen in the last 10,000 years. Global sea levels could rise by at least fifteen and perhaps as much as ninety-five centimeters. Surface temperatures could increase by between 1.0 and 3.5 degrees Celsius. With climate change there will be an even greater complexity with water resources in every branch of the globe. Nineteen countries are under strain for deficiency of water. This figure is expected to double by the year 2025 even if the climate does not change. The present rate of extinction for birds, animals and plants is already between 50 and 100 times the natural one. If the current rate of deforestation in the tropics continues this would go up, potentially, to 1,000 to 10,000 times the natural extinction rate within the next 30 years. If global warming occurs, every thing and everyone will be affected in some way. An increase of just 0.2% in the solar output could have the same affect as doubling the carbon dioxide in the Earths atmosphere. On average most places will be warmer which will cause changes in the quantity and pattern of rain. Everything in the natural environment will all be affected. If a blanket of air did not surround the Earth, it would be much too cold for human habitation. Earth’s atmosphere acts as a shield. Small amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere, help to retain heat in a crucial process known as the greenhouse effect. Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and strikes the Earth, some of the light is reflected and some of the light is absorbed. The absorbed light warms the surface of the Earth. The heated surface then radiates infrared light into the atmosphere, where small amounts of carbon dioxide keep the radiation from escaping. Since prehistoric times, carbon dioxide has helped to regulate the temperature of the Earth. Due to the burning of large amounts of coal, oil, and natural gas, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has nearly doubled over the past one hundred years. As we all know, trees remove carbon dioxide from the air as part of their natural processes. As human being cut down forests, the capacity of trees to remove carbon dioxide from the air is diminished. It is believed that as we continue to burn large amounts of fossil fuels, and deplete our forests, the greenhouse effect will result in Global Warming. Scientists warn that the Earths average surface temperature could increase by five degrees Celsius over the next century A warming trend of only a few degrees could cause a melting of the polar ice caps, resulting in increased ocean levels and flooding of coastal cities. United Nations programs and organizations actively focus on global warming to stifle the ever more evident battle of Global Warming. The ratification of the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement that aims to diminish the discharge of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, has shed new light into the ongoing battle of Global Warming. Under the 1997 protocol, 38 industrialized nations are committed to cut their greenhouse gas emissions to an average of 5.2 percent below 1990 levels by the period 2008-2012. The United States, the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, pledged to reduce its emissions to seven percent below 1990 levels, while the European Union pledged to reduce its emissions by eight percent below its 1990 levels. Developed countries have been previously responsible for the majority of the Earth’s greenhouse-gas emissions. It is enormously critical that industrialized countries should carry on with their treaties and contracts to pave the way on climate change. Developed countries should serve as a model to under industrialized countries. â€Å"The ultimate objective of the Convention on Climate Change is to achieve a stable level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that will avoid dangerous interference with the climate system. Even stabilization at a little above present level will require significant cuts in global emissions next century. The dilemma facing us is how to achieve that at the same time as improving living standards throughout the developed and developing worlds.† Trading emissions credits, received by companies that surpass authorized emissions cuts, is one of the systems encouraged by the protocol for combating global warming. But the Kyoto Protocol will not take effect until it is ratified by fifty-five percent of the nations emitting at least fifty-five percent of six greenhouse gases that trap the sun’s heat close the Earth’s surface. A report commissioned by the United States Department of Energy demonstrates that â€Å"Companies can reduce their emissions through energy efficiency measures and save costs. Capital turnover during the next 15 years will allow industry to introduce cleaner technology with lower emissions at little extra cost.† Lower emissions are often united with other environmental enhancements, such as improved air quality. â€Å"Emissions trading has become the policy of choice for addressing climate change in nations around the globe, finds a new report from the Pew Center on Global Climate Change. The report concludes that, while the greenhouse gas emissions market remains fragmented, trading activity has increased around the world over the last five years.† Many major corporations are already indicating that emissions’ trading is a very moneymaking and lucrative means to ease greenhouse gas ejection. Some authors estimate that â€Å"approximately 65 greenhouse gas trades for quantities above 1,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide have occurred worldwide since 1996.† This outline includes trades of actual emissions cutbacks as well as financially based reductions. The authors also warn that local and national trading programs are working under different rules, which could delay the formation of a united market and boost the costs of trading. â€Å"With the level of greenhouse gas emissions in the Asia-Pacific region increasing, measures to curb the effects of these emissions are urgently needed. A model†¦is being developed to coordinate efforts for greenhouse gas emissions forecasting, the analysis of the results of measures to curb emissions, and the evaluation of the effects of global warming. Forecasts on global warming are being used to develop another model to evaluate the phenomenons effect on water resources, plant life, human health, and agriculture.† President George Bushs new global warming plan was announced on February 14 of 2002. Officials at the World Resources Institute declared that the plan was said to increase greenhouse gas emissions by fourteen percent, which was later followed by some skeptics as misleading information. Certain organizations stress the need for an accurate system that institutes a suitable emissions foundation for greenhouse gases. One such program fulfilling the concept and that has been used in the past is voluntary emissions reporting. Reporting programs that not only attract practical companies, but also draw basic fundamental corporations, should be considered a necessary dynamic characteristic. A strategy by which communities seek economic development and benefit the local environment is known as sustainable development. Societies have found that they are creating, rather than solving, environmental problems by traditional approach. Sustainable development offers long lasting solutions. The future depends on how well we balance social, economic, and environmental goals, and this is what sustainable development suggests â€Å"Sustainability refers to the ability of a society, ecosystem, or any such ongoing system to continue functioning into the indefinite future without being forced into decline through exhaustion. . . of key resources. With the many questions and unanswered problems that Global Warming encompasses, market-based measures and other actions of the sort must be achieved in order to establish safety and security on Earth. In the world’s pursuit of economic growth, we must treat our world with pure motives with chaste solutions. It is absolutely mandatory that the nations of the world work multilaterally to not only address the problem of Global Warming, but also resolve and decipher the crisis that it withholds. Marco D’Angelo Research Papers on Address the Problem of Global WarmingRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Spring and AutumnGenetic EngineeringMind TravelDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Translating By Into Spanish

Translating By Into Spanish By is one of the English prepositions that is most confusing for Spanish students, because it can have many meanings. Before you try translating a sentence using by, you need to ask yourself, what does this word mean? In many cases, if you can reword the sentence to express the same thought or relationship in different words, you are well on your way to figuring out what you want to say in Spanish. Here are some of the most common meanings of by with examples of how the same thing can be said in Spanish. To Indicate the Agent or Cause Usually, you can say that something was created or put in its present condition by someone or something using the preposition por. If the word or phrase (known as an object) following by answers the question who or what did it? then por is your likely choice. Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. Hamlet fue escrito por Shakespeare.The area affected by the sound is very large. La zona afectado por el sonido es muy grande.Ozone is a gas formed by the action of sunlight. El ozono es un gas que se forma por la accià ³n de la luz solar. As in the first example above, por is often used to indicate authorship. Thus, a book cover will usually indicate that the contents were written por the author. However, in sentences in English that can be reworded to use the name of an author as a description, the preposition de is usually used in translation: Volver is a film by Almodovar. (Volver is an Almodovar film.) Volver es una pelà ­cula de Almodà ³var.Where I can I buy books by Mark Twain in Spanish? (Where I can I buy Mark Twain books in Spanish?)  ¿Dà ³nde puedo comprar libros de Mark Twain en espaà ±ol? Means of Transportation Usually en or por can be used more or less interchangeably when indicating how someone or something travels, although en is more common. We are traveling by plane from New York to London. Viajamos en avià ³n desde Nueva York a Londres. Viajamos por avià ³n desde Nueva York a Londres.Traveling by car through Norway is easy and pleasant. Viajar en coche por Noruega es sencillo y agradable. In Time Elements When by means not later than, para can be used: I will be ready by 4.  Estarà © lista para las cuatro. Indicating Proximity When by means near or next to, cerca de or junta a can be used: There is a large park by the library. Hay un gran parque junto a la biblioteca.All the hotels are located by the beach. Todos los hoteles se encuentran ubicados cerca de la playa. Untranslated By With the Spanish Present Participle Spanish often uses present participles (the verb form ending in s: A fake doctor got rich by diagnosing nonexistent cancers. Un falso doctor se hizo rico diagnosticando cnceres inexistentes.By studying weekends, Susana will pass the test. Estudiando los fines de semana, Susana aprobar el examen. Note that in these examples, the English by could be omitted with little or no change in meaning. In Arithmetic To divide by is dividir entre, while to multiply by is multiplicar por. When dimensions are given, por is used: tres metros por seis, three by six meters. Meaning Per Where by is the rough equivalent of per, use por: Compramos los huevo por docenas.  We buy eggs by the dozen (per dozen). Idiomatic phrases Numerous idiomatic phrases using by often cant be translated word for word. The concept may be expressed in some other way in Spanish other than directly translating by. Some examples: I want to do it by myself. Quiero hacerlo sin ayuda. (The phrase is translated as the Spanish equivalent of without help.)You could follow our trip almost day by day thanks to Davids blog. Pudisteis seguir nuestro viaje casi dà ­a a dà ­a gracias al blog de David.We want to eat by candlelight. Queremos comer a las luz de las velas.Pablo introduced all the teachers to us one by one. Pablo nos presentà ³ uno a uno todos los profesores.What do you mean by difficult?  ¿Quà © quieres decir con dificil?

Perception and attitude of British customers towards cruise travel Essay

Perception and attitude of British customers towards cruise travel - Essay Example This  «Perception and attitude of British customers towards cruise travel » essay, describes the impact of cruise travel on the economy, problems, and prospects, and compares this tourism sector with same one in other countries. The Mediterranean and Baltic are the two most prominent stamping grounds in Britain for cruise liners. There has been a growth in need for ‘turn round’ traffic at UK ports this has not caused a commotion as more tourists are ready to extend their stay so that they do not have to book flights in return due to the traffic. They have found this hectic especially because it may mean for them to book from a new embarkation port (Miller 94). The maritime weather and climate in Britain is not truly a setback when it the cruise ships involved in the travel are large vessels and especially since most of these vessels start their journey in the United Kingdom ports and still end them there. Summer time is when there is the majority of the cruising around the beautiful British Isles. A major concern over time has been the lending of the smaller vessels by Britain. This is a serious risk especially since the ports have shallow waters that are likely to be disrupted in case of any summer squall that may occur (Lingard 32). The passenger embarkations at UK that are the majority are mainly the residents of Britain themselves. The overseas guests that take the cruise ships from the ports enjoy an incomparable experience with access for just about every part they may wish to travel and tour. For fantastic pre and post cruise travel extension, London is close to Dover, Southampton and not forgetting Harwich. This is notable because it has played a vital role in job creations and generation of income for some people in the region. This works across a great spectrum of businesses that tourism related that not many would notice was a result of the cruise ship travel in the region (Markham 45). The weakness of sterling pound provides a greater incentive for cruise lines to consider London as an extension destination due to the position of the city (Moutinho 175). Since this is a condensed island with convenient transport infrastructure and a number of

Semantic Acquisition (Linguistics) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Semantic Acquisition (Linguistics) - Essay Example Usually, young children refer to the objects or people that they are familiar with in their early speech (Barrett 1995). It is interesting that most of the children follow the same process of lexicon acquisition (De Villiers 1978). The process can be divided into five different stages (De Villiers 1978). First, children learn proper names in the first stage as proper names only have one referent for each word (De Villiers 1978). Then, common nouns are acquired soon after the first stage (De Villiers 1978). This is because the structures of common nouns are more complex and children need time to master the application of these words (Barrett 1995). The third stage is acquiring simple verbs and adjectives (De Villiers 1978). These two categories share a similar complexity and similar properties (Barrett 1995). In order to study the verbs and simple adjectives, young children need to master the correlation and interaction between their perceptual development and lexical development (De Villiers 1978). The fourth stage is the acquisition of relational words (De Villiers 1978). These words have more complex meanings (Barrett 1995). It is somewhat difficult for young children to understand the concept of relational words since a comparison for the described object and the context is required (De Villiers 1978). The final stage is the acquisition of deictic expression (De Villiers 1978). Words in this category express the most complex idea of comparison (De Villiers 1978). Nelson (1973) has suggested that there are significant individual differences in the types of words that young children acquire in stage I (Katherine Nelson (1973) in De Villiers 1978, p. 124). Two kinds of children can be found in the early lexicon development of children (De Villiers 1978). They are identified as â€Å"referential children† and â€Å"expressive children†, respectively (De Villiers 1978). Referential children can be defined as those children who acquire and use words of

Can a machine have a conscience Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Can a machine have a conscience - Research Paper Example pic indicate that conscience is a complicate matter to be understood even in humans and hence cannot be replicated in machines no matter how intelligent they are or will be made to be. With the new technological innovations of this century that continue to shock even the inventors, there is possibility of them developing a machine that will have a conscience in the future. One of the best brain scientists in the world Christof Koch who works for the Allen Institute for Brain Science located in Seattle is very positive of having a breakthrough in the scientific and technological industry which will lead to development of a conscious machine. He believes that it is only a matter of organizing the machine to work like a mammalian brain and the results will be epic (Regalado 2014). The institute he is working in has dedicated millions of dollars in neuroscience research of the mammalian brain studying its neurons and synapses and trying to find out about consciousness through the Human Genome Project. He vouches for the integrated information theory which will be able to explain about consciousness in detail which would in turn lead to development of a machine with the same components, neurons and synapses to enable it have a conscience. According to the authors Tononi and Koch (2008), the concept of consciousness is as imperfect to understand and explain in detail as the law of physics and other sciences but it is there and can be explored further. If there is a theory to explain about consciousness no matter how complicated or vague it currently is, it means that there is hope that further research, development and expansion of the theory will lead to reproduction of machineries with inbuilt conscious and hence will act, think, feel and make decisions similarly to a human being. Detailed clinical study using sophisticated instruments have provided a basic understanding of the process of consciousness (Tononi and Koch 2008). These results are the basics of the

Adv & Disadvantages of Leadership Development Methods Essay Example for Free

Adv Disadvantages of Leadership Development Methods Essay Professional qualifications that require refreshing will be supported if they are an essential criteria for the post| * Trust induction * Trust Essential Update training * Manual Handling * Professional re-registration training * PRINCE2, MSP, LEAN| * Provides an understanding of how the Trust works * Provides health and safety training * Sends out a clear message that professional registration is recognised, important and is supported| * Trust induction training tends to be very generic and does not necessarily relate to the job role * Training for re-registration is not always timely * Is dependent on funding * Cost implications of ensuring that the training budget can cover training| Elective Learning| Courses that are not part of the essential criteria for the post will be deemed to be elective and will be subject to the trust policy on supported learning| * Courses identified as part of the personal development plan * Influencing skills * Negotiating skills * MS Project/Other IT Skills * Meets specific needs for the individual * Can be delivered by others in the team or by a generic course * Ensures that leaders are given requisite skills| * Some generic courses do not cover specific requirements * Is dependent on funding being available| Work Assignments| Work assignments will be seen as an opportunity to help leaders develop specific competencies or practice key behaviours. * Specific goals will be set as part of personal development plans * Feedback on progress will be done either via formal appraisal or by 1:1 feedback with line managers| * Reiterates the message that lessons can always be learned * Gives leaders the growth opportunities to put theories and models into practice * Learning by doing| * Unless well managed there is a tendency to concentrate on ‘getting the job done’ * Opportunities are not always recognised or used to the full advantage| Special Assignments/Initiatives| Involvement in short-term assignments or initiatives either generated from within the team or as part of a project team| * Attendance at programme or project board meetings * Involvement in assignments/initiatives

Different Types of Harassment in the Work Force and at School Essay exa

Harassment has been an issue in the work force and in many other fields for decades, leading all the way back up to 1964. The United States Congress passed Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, prohibiting discrimination at work on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin and sex. There are many different types of harassment that many do not even know that they can be accused for. Through out my research I will be naming every type of harassment and presenting an article for each topic. One form of harassment that is very common at a young age is bullying. Bullying is occurred manly at school, on the playground but it is also seen in the workforce. To many people bullying is the cause to harassment in the future. By not stopping and putting an end to bullying when people are young may lead to worse things in the future. Physiological harassment is a common type of harassment. This is usually best described as when you bring down ones self esteem. You will not find many accusations on the type of harassment, due to the fact that many people do not even know that they can actually accuse someone for this. Racial harassment is probably the second most commonly known harassment. There is racial harassment every single day in this world. The most commonly known harassment is sexual harassment. Sexual harassment occurs every single day in this world. Whether it is at school, work or even at home, it is happening every day. What I will be mostly researching today is sexual harassment in the work place and how it affects one another. Many people don’t even know what the true meaning of sexual harassment is. Sexual harassment is anything that revolves around gender discrimination. If you are at a work place and some one fr... ...her women to be harassed in this way. It is easier to get harassed under this category due to the fact that women will become vulnerable to men in higher positions to work there way up and/or higher there pay. This type of harassment is seen everywhere everyday. Hostile environment sexual harassment occurs when verbal physical or graphic sexual displays are so pervasive that they interfere with work performance or cause an offensive or intimidating atmosphere in the workplace. This type of harassment is the type that is mentioned early, that women tend to get frightened to act upon. When something verbal physical happens, it is up to the victim to tell he/or she that she is out of line and to please not talk to him/her like that and to please no show her such images. This type of harassment is the type that keeps women from wanting to go into a working environment.